Central & West Asia & North Africa

 
Collecting caper buds in the Syrian desert is an important source of income for nomadic communities. Photo: A. Giuliani/Bioversity.

Collecting caper buds in the Syrian desert is an important source of income for nomadic communities. Photo: A. Giuliani/Bioversity.

Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) includes the ancient land of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

This is where settled agriculture first began to emerge about 10 000 years ago, as people started the process of clearance and modification of natural vegetation in order to grow newly domesticated plants as crops.

The "Fertile Crescent" is an arc that extends from the eastern part of the Mediterranean to the lower Zagros Mountains in Iraq and Iran. The name is an indication of the rich soils and the plentiful plants that thrive there.

This region has provided the world with food, fibre, oil and other economic plants for thousands of years. Many of the world's most important and popular food crops originated here.

Despite the lack of forested area and the erosion of natural resources there are still 23,000 plant species in the region, of which 7,100 are endemic.

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